Mechanism of Action and Composition
The drug is classified as a combination M-cholinergic blocker. Its active core comprises camphoric acid salts of scopolamine and hyoscyamine. The anticholinergic action is both central and peripheral. Camphor plays an essential role in the formulation: it exerts a tonic effect on the respiratory center, specifically counteracting the potential respiratory depression caused by scopolamine.
Pharmacological Effects
Through the blockade of muscarinic receptors, the drug effectively suppresses the activity of the vomiting center and vestibular reflexes. Scopolamine also produces a pronounced sedative effect, reduces salivary and bronchial gland secretion, and prevents reflex bradycardia. The duration of action of the oral tablet formulation is approximately 6 hours.
Indications for Use
Clinical use of the drug focuses on neurological and vestibular disorders:
- Prophylaxis and treatment of kinetosis (motion sickness, seasickness, airsickness) to prevent nausea and vomiting.
- Relief of acute episodes of vertigo (e.g., in Meniere's disease).
Side Effects and Contraindications
The safety profile of the drug is determined by its atropine-like properties:
- Side effects: typical anticholinergic-induced dry mouth and severe thirst.
- Contraindications: an absolute contraindication is glaucoma, as muscarinic receptor blockade leads to a dangerous increase in intraocular pressure.
Administration and Dosing
The drug is available in tablet form. Dosing regimen for motion sickness prophylaxis:
- Administer orally 30–60 minutes before travel, 1–2 tablets.
- If necessary, another tablet may be taken after 6 hours.
- Maximum doses: the maximum single dose (MSD) is 2 tablets, and the maximum daily dose (MDD) is 4 tablets.