Citreoviridin Toxicosis
This severe poisoning is associated with the mycotoxin citreoviridin. This toxin exhibits a pronounced tropism for neural structures and cardiomyocytes.
- Main target organs: Central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular system.
- Clinical manifestations: The leading symptom is descending paralysis, indicating profound damage to motor pathways.
- Prognosis: The disease is severe, with a high probability of a fatal outcome in the absence of timely supportive therapy.
Islanditoxicosis
The condition is initiated by the ingestion of toxins produced by a specific mold species, Penicillium islandicum.
The main active principle is islanditoxin. Unlike citreoviridin, this poison exhibits strict hepatotoxicity. The primary and only target mentioned in the classic presentation of this toxicosis is the liver, the cells of which undergo massive destruction.
Patulin Toxicosis
One of the most studied toxicosis types in this group. It is caused not by a single species, but by a whole group of micromycetes belonging to the genera Penicillium (P. patulum, P. expansum, P. urticae) and Aspergillus (A. elevatus, A. terreus).
The active substance is the mycotoxin patulin.
Main sources of contamination:
- Barley malt.
- Sprouted wheat.
- Rotten apples (as well as processed products such as cider).
Clinical presentation: Patulin causes complex systemic damage. The clinical picture is dominated by signs of neurotoxicosis, pulmonary edema, intractable vomiting, and dermatitis. Epidemiologically, the disease has been actively monitored since 1954, with outbreaks and sporadic cases recorded in Germany, France, Japan, and the USA.