Microbiology

448 topics: concise articles with key facts, structure and typical exam questions.

• Abortive Infection
• Acinetobacter
• Actinomycetes
• Adaptive Immunity
• Adenoviruses
• Aeromonas: Morphology, Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
• Aflatoxicosis
• Agglutination Reaction
• Air Microflora
• Alimentary Toxic Aleukia
• Allergic Diagnostic Method in Microbiology
• Allergy Diagnostics
• Alphaherpesviruses
• Amoebae
• Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci: Veillonella
• Anaerobic Gram-Positive Cocci
• Anaplasmataceae Family
• Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis
• Anelloviruses
• Anti-Protozoan and Anti-Helminthic Immunity
• Antibacterial Immunity
• Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanisms and Clinical Significance
• Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Methods
• Antibiotics: Classification, Sources, and Production
• Antifungal Immunity
• Antigenic Structure and Variation of Influenza Virus
• Antigens
• Antiviral Drugs: Classification, Mechanisms and Clinical Targets
• Antiviral Immunity
• Arenaviruses: Structure, Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
• Ascomycota: Morphology, Pathogens, and Medical Significance
• Aspergillosis (Aspergillus)
• Autoimmune Diseases
• B-Lymphocytes
• Babesia
• Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax Pathogen)
• Bacterial Capsule
• Bacterial Cell Structure
• Bacterial Cell Wall
• Bacterial Conjugation
• Bacterial Constructive Metabolism
• Bacterial Culture Conditions
• Bacterial Culture Media
• Bacterial Endospores
• Bacterial Flagella and Pili
• Bacterial Gene Transfer Mechanisms
• Bacterial Growth and Reproduction
• Bacterial Metabolism
• Bacterial Morphology
• Bacterial Mutations
• Bacterial Nucleoid and Plasmids
• Bacterial Nutrition
• Bacterial Respiration
• Bacterial Transformation
• Bacterial Transport and Secretion
• Bacterial Vaginosis
• Bacteriophages
• Bacteroides
• Balantidium coli
• Barrier Tissues and Mucosal Immunity
• Bartonella
• Basics of Immunodiagnostics
• Basics of Immunology
• Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
• Bifidobacteria
• Biological Diagnostic Method
• Biotechnology
• Biotechnology: Directions and Products
• Black and White Piedra
• Blastomycosis
• Blood Typing and Rh Factor Determination
• Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis
• Borrelia
• Bronchopulmonary Tract Immunity
• Brucella
• Bunyaviridae: Structure, Replication and Pathogenesis
• Burkholderia
• Caliciviruses
• Campylobacter
• Candidiasis (Candida spp.)
• Causative Agents of Gas Gangrene
• Cell Cultures in Virology
• Cerebrospinal Fluid Microbiological Examination
• Chemical Composition of Bacteria
• Chemotherapeutic Antimicrobial Drugs
• Chlamydia
• Chlamydia trachomatis: Trachoma Agent
• Chlamydophila pneumoniae: Pathogen of Respiratory Chlamydiosis
• Chlamydophila psittaci: Causative Agent of Ornithosis
• Cholera: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment
• Chromoblastomycosis
• Classification of Fungal Infections
• Classification of Primary Immunodeficiencies
• Classification of Viruses
• Clinical Microbiology
• Clinical Presentation of HIV Infection
• Clinical Significance of Microbiology and Immunology
• Clostridium
• Clostridium botulinum
• Clostridium difficile
• Clostridium tetani
• Clusters of Differentiation (CD Markers): Anatomy and Function
• Cocci: General Characteristics
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Complement-Mediated Serological Reactions
• Complications of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
• Congenital Rubella
• Coronaviruses: Structure, Replication and Pathogenesis
• Corynebacterium
• Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Morphology, Pathogenesis and Toxins
• Coxiella burnetii: Causative Agent of Q Fever
• Coxsackieviruses and ECHO Viruses
• Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
• Cryptococcosis
• Cryptosporidium
• Culture Diagnostic Method
• Cyclospora
• Cytomegalovirus Infection
• Cytoplasmic Membrane and Cytoplasm of Bacteria
• Dengue Virus
• Dental Caries
• Dental Plaque
• Dermatomycosis: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis
• Dermatophytes: General Characteristics and Morphology
• Deuteromycetes (Fungi Imperfecti)
• Diagnosis and Prevention of Rabies
• Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Mycotoxicoses
• Diagnostic Agents
• Discovery of Viruses and Evolution of Infections
• Disinfection, Asepsis, and Antisepsis
• DNA Oncogenic Viruses: Mechanism of Transformation
• DNA Repair in Bacteria
• DNA Replication in Bacteria
• Dynamics of the Immune Response
• Dysbacteriosis
• Ebola Virus
• Ecological and Epidemiological Classification of Infections
• Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
• Endemic Typhus
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Enterobacteriaceae
• Enterococci
• Enteroviruses
• Environmental Factors Affecting Microorganisms
• Environmental Impact on the Infectious Process
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
• Epidemiology and Ecology of Dermatophytes
• Epidemiology of Cholera
• Epidemiology of HIV Infection
• Epidemiology of Viral Respiratory Infections
• Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Presentation of Rabies
• Epstein-Barr Virus
• Ergotism
• Escherichia coli
• Favus
• Fermentation
• Flagellata
• Flaviviruses
• Food Microflora and Contamination
• Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
• Francisella tularensis
• Free-Living Amoebae: Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, Balamuthia
• Fundamentals of Immunity
• Fungal Physiology
• Fusarium Graminearum Toxicosis
• Fusarium Nivaletoxicosis
• Fusarium: Morphology, Infections and Mycotoxicosis
• Fusobacterium
• Gardnerella vaginalis
• Gastrointestinal Tract Immunity
• Genetic Engineering
• Genetics of Antibody Formation
• Giardia intestinalis
• Gram Stain
• Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacilli
• Gram-Negative Bacterial Cell Wall
• Granulocytes
• Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)
• Haemophilus Influenzae
• Haemophilus Species
• Halophilic Vibrios: Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus
• Hantavirus Infections
• Helicobacter Pylori
• Hepadnavirus Replication
• Hepatitis A Virus
• Hepatitis B Virus
• Hepatitis C Virus
• Hepatitis E Virus
• Hepatitis G Virus
• Herpes Simplex Virus
• Herpesviruses
• Highly Dangerous and Quarantine Infections
• Histoplasmosis
• History of Antibiotics
• History of Microbiology
• History of Russian Microbiology
• HIV Treatment and Prevention
• Host Reactivity Factors and the Infectious Process
• Human Herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Human Normal Microflora
• Human Papillomavirus
• Human Papillomavirus
• Human Parainfluenza Virus
• Human Prion Diseases
• Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses
• Humoral Factors of Innate Immunity
• Hypersensitivity Reactions
• Immune Sera and Immunoglobulins
• Immune Status
• Immunity in Viral Respiratory Infections
• Immunobiological Preparations
• Immunodeficiencies
• Immunofluorescence Assay
• Immunological Period of Microbiology
• Immunological Tolerance
• Immunomodulators
• Indirect Hemagglutination and Other Types of Agglutination
• Infectious Disease and Its Stages
• Influenza Epidemiology
• Influenza Treatment and Prevention
• Influenza Virus Reproduction
• Influenza Virus Structure: Anatomy, Proteins, and Genome
• Innate Immune Receptors
• Innate Immunity
• Innate Immunity Cells
• Integrative Infection (Virogeny)
• Introduction to Microbiology and Immunology
• Isospora: Anatomy, Lifecycle and Clinical Features
• Japanese Encephalitis Virus
• Kingella Species
• Klebsiella
• Laboratory Stage of Microbiological Investigation
• Lactobacillus
• Legionella: Microbiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Syndromes
• Leishmania
• Leptospira
• Leptotrichia
• Listeria
• Lymphogranuloma Venereum
• Macrolides and Azalides
• Major Histocompatibility Complex
• Malaria
• Malassezia furfur: Agent of Tinea Versicolor
• Marburg Virus
• Measles Virus
• Mechanisms of Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
• Medical Microbiology as a Science
• Methods of Laboratory Diagnostics
• Microbial Ecology
• Microbial Genetics
• Microbial Interactions
• Microbiological Blood Culture
• Microbiological Diagnosis of HIV Infection
• Microbiological Diagnostics
• Microbiological Diagnostics of Acute Viral Respiratory Infections (ARVI)
• Microbiological Diagnostics of Influenza
• Microbiological Examination of Eye and Ear Discharge
• Microbiological Examination of Feces
• Microbiological Examination of Respiratory Tract Secretions
• Microbiology Laboratory Organization
• Microscopic Diagnostic Method
• Microsporia: Pathogenesis, Morphology and Classification
• Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis
• Mobile Genetic Elements in Bacteria
• Modern Methods of Immunodiagnostics
• Molecular and Synthetic Vaccines
• Molecular Hybridization Method
• Molecular-Genetic Diagnostic Methods
• Molecular-Genetic Period in Microbiology
• Monkeypox Virus
• Monoclonal Antibodies
• Moraxella
• Morphology and Biology of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia
• Morphology and Classification of Fungi
• Morphology and Classification of Microorganisms
• Morphology and Classification of Viruses
• Morphology and Structure of Viruses
• Mumps Virus
• Mycetoma: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Diagnosis
• Mycobacteria
• Mycobacterium leprae
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia
• Mycoplasmas
• Mycotoxicoses: Etiology, Pathology and Transmission
• Neisseria
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Neutralization Reaction
• Nocardia
• Non-Venereal Treponematoses
• Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
• Nosocomial Infections
• Objects of Industrial Biotechnology
• Obligate Anaerobic Flora of the Oral Cavity
• Odontogenic Infections
• Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
• Oncogenic Viruses
• Opportunistic Microorganisms
• Opportunistic Mycoses
• Oral Cavity Biotopes and Microbiome
• Oral Cavity Microflora
• Oral Streptococci
• Organs of the Immune System
• Orthomyxoviruses: Structure, Classification and Influenza
• Outcomes and Classification of Infectious Processes
• Paracoccidioidomycosis
• Paramyxoviruses
• Parenteral Viral Hepatitis
• Parvoviruses: Structure, Replication, and Parvovirus B19
• Pasteurella Species
• Pathogen of Tinea Pedis
• Pathogenesis and Clinical Features of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI)
• Pathogenesis and Clinical Features of Influenza
• Pathogenesis and Transmission of Prion Infections
• Pathogenesis of Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis
• Pathogenesis of HIV Infection
• Pathogenicity of Microorganisms
• Penicilliosis (Penicillium)
• Penicillium and Aspergillus Toxicosis: USMLE Review
• Periodontal Diseases: Pathogenesis and Microbiology
• Persistence and Latent Viral Infection
• Phaeohyphomycosis
• Phagocytosis and the Macrophage System
• Physicochemical Diagnostic Methods in Microbiology
• Physiological Period in Microbiology
• Physiology of Protozoa
• Picornaviruses
• Plant Microflora
• Plasmids
• Plasmodium Species
• Pneumocystosis (Pneumocystis jirovecii)
• Pneumocystosis: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Poliovirus
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
• Polyomaviruses
• Porphyromonas
• Poxviruses
• Practical Application of Bacteriophages
• Pre-Analytical Phase in Microbiology
• Precipitation Reaction
• Prevotella
• Prion Diseases
• Prion Protein: Structure, Isoforms and Pathology
• Prions
• Prions and Prion Diseases
• Probiotics: Mechanisms, Indications and Clinical Application
• Propionibacterium
• Proteus
• Protozoa Morphology and Classification
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Psittacosis
• Rabies Virus
• Rational Antibiotic Therapy
• Relapsing Fevers
• Reoviruses: Structure, Pathogenesis, and Classification
• Replication of Negative-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses
• Reproduction of Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA (+ssRNA) Viruses
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus
• Respiratory Viral Pathogens
• Restriction Analysis
• Retrovirus Reproduction
• Retroviruses
• Rhabdoviruses
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Rhinoviruses
• Ribotyping Method
• Rickettsia
• Role of Microorganisms in Biogeochemical Cycles
• Rotavirus Infection
• Rotaviruses
• Rubella
• Rubella Virus
• Salmonella: Biology, Pathogenesis and Classification
• Sanitary Microbiology
• Sarcocystis
• Secondary Immunodeficiencies
• Selenomonas
• Serological Diagnostic Methods
• Shigella
• Sjögren Syndrome
• Skin Immune System
• Slow Viral Infections
• Soil Microflora
• Spirochetes
• Sporotrichosis
• Stachybotryotoxicosis
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Sterilization: Methods, Control, and Microbiology
• Streptococcus agalactiae
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Subcutaneous Mycoses
• Superantigens: Mechanism and Immune Response
• Superficial Mycoses
• Synthetic Antimicrobial Agents
• Systemic Endemic Mycoses
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Systemic Vasculitides
• T-Lymphocytes
• Temperate Bacteriophages and Lysogeny
• The Epidemic Process
• Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
• Tick-Borne Rickettsioses
• Tinea Nigra Agent: Phaeoanellomyces werneckii
• Togaviruses and Alphaviruses
• Torque Teno Virus (TTV)
• Toxoplasma gondii
• Transduction
• Transplant Immunity
• Treatment of Acute Respiratory Viral Infections
• Treponema pallidum
• Trichomonas
• Trichophyton rubrum: Morphology and Pathogenesis
• Trichophytosis: Types, Pathogens and Morphology
• Trypanosoma: Morphology, Life Cycle, and Pathogenesis
• Tsutsugamushi Fever
• Tumor Immunology
• Type I Hypersensitivity
• Type II Hypersensitivity
• Type III Hypersensitivity
• Type IV Hypersensitivity
• Types of Viral Infection
• Urine Microbiological Culture
• Urogenital Chlamydia
• Urogenital Mycoplasmoses
• Urogenital Tract Immunity
• Vaccine Adjuvants
• Vaccines: Types, Composition, and Principles
• Varicella-Zoster Virus
• Vibrio
• Viral Acute Intestinal Infections
• Viral Culture
• Viral Genetics
• Viral Genome Replication
• Viral Indication
• Viral Morphogenesis and Assembly
• Viral Pathogenicity
• Viral Replication
• Virulence Factors of Vibrio cholerae
• Water Microflora
• West Nile Virus Infection
• Wound Microbiological Examination
• Yellow Fever Virus
• Yersinia
• Zygomycetes
• Zygomycosis: Pathogenesis, Morphology and Treatment