Pathology

447 topics: concise articles with key facts, structure and typical exam questions.

• Abscess
• Acquired Valvular Heart Disease
• Acute Glomerulonephritis
• Acute Interstitial Pneumonia
• Acute Intestinal Obstruction
• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia
• Acute Pyelonephritis
• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Acute Ulcers
• Acute Viral Respiratory Infections
• Adaptive Immunity
• Adenovirus Infection
• Adrenal Pathology
• Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis
• Alcoholic Liver Disease
• Alport Syndrome
• Amebiasis
• Amyloidosis
• Anal Canal Disorders: Pathology and Histology
• Anatomy and Functions of the Lungs
• Anthracosis
• Anthrax
• Aortic Valve Disease
• Apical Periodontitis
• Aplastic Anemia
• Apoptosis
• Appendicitis: Etiology, Morphology, and Complications
• Arterial Aneurysms
• Arterial Diseases
• Arterial Hyperemia
• Asbestosis
• Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis and Stages
• Atherosclerotic Plaque
• Atrophy
• Autoimmune and Reactive Gastritis
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Autoimmune Hepatitis
• Balantidiasis
• Barrett's Esophagus
• Birth Injury: Types, Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation
• Bladder Tumors: Pathology and Classification
• Bleeding and Hemorrhage
• Blistering Skin Conditions and Epidermal Pathologies
• Blood Stasis
• Bone Tissue Pathology
• Bone Tumors
• Breast Cancer
• Bronchial Asthma
• Bronchiectasis
• Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP)
• Bronchopneumonia
• Brucellosis
• Calcium Metabolism Disorders and Mineral Dystrophies
• Calculosis
• Carbohydrate Dystrophies
• Castleman Disease
• Cell Death
• Cells of the Inflammatory Infiltrate
• Cellular Immunity
• Cellular Inflammatory Mediators
• Central Nervous System Infections
• Central Nervous System Tumors and Paraneoplastic Syndromes
• Cerebrovascular Diseases and Intracranial Lesions
• Changes in the Leukocyte Differential
• Cheilitis and Glossitis
• Chemical and Physical Carcinogenesis
• Childhood Infections: Polio, Varicella, and Pertussis Pathology
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Cholecystitis
• Cholelithiasis
• Chronic Bronchitis
• Chronic Diffuse Lung Diseases
• Chronic Duodenitis and Celiac Disease
• Chronic Inflammation
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Chronic Pyelonephritis
• Circulatory Disorders of the Liver
• Cirrhosis: Pathology, Clinical Manifestations, and Complications
• Classification and Morphology of Lung Cancer
• Classification and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Dystrophies
• Classification of Tumors
• Clinical and Morphological Forms of Atherosclerosis
• Clinical and Morphological Forms of Necrosis
• Clinical and Morphological Forms of Rheumatic Fever
• Clinical and Pathological Conferences
• Coagulopathies
• Coarctation of the Aorta
• Colorectal Cancer
• Comorbidity and Combined Major Diseases
• Complications of Leukemias
• Complications of Liver Cirrhosis
• Complications of Silicosis
• Congenital Anomalies of the Lungs
• Conge­nital Heart Defects
• Connective Tissue Disorganization
• Crohn's Disease
• Cutaneous Lymphomas
• Cystitis
• Cysts of the Jaws and Oral Pathology
• Demyelinating Diseases and CNS Infections
• Dental Caries
• Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis
• Diabetic Nephropathy
• Diagnosis: Structure, Types, and ICD Classification
• Diagnostic Discrepancy
• Digestive System Diseases in Children
• Diphtheria and Childhood Infections
• Disease Outcomes: Classification and Clinical Significance
• Diseases of the Anal Canal
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
• Diverticular Disease of the Intestine
• Drug-Induced Hepatitis
• Dysentery
• Dyshormonal and Pathological Conditions of Male Genital Organs
• Dyshormonal Uterine and Breast Diseases
• Dysregulated Apoptosis
• Ectopic Pregnancy
• Embolism: Types, Pathophysiology and Complications
• Embryonal Tumors: Neuroblastoma and Retinoblastoma
• Empyema
• Endocarditis
• Epidemiology of Tumors
• Epithelial Skin Tumors
• Epithelial Tumors
• Erythrocytosis
• Esophageal Carcinoma
• Esophageal Malformations: Anatomy, Diverticula and Stenosis
• Esophagitis
• Etiology
• Etiology and Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension
• Etiology and Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer
• Etiology and Pathogenesis of Tumors
• Etiology of Necrosis
• Exudative Inflammation
• Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Disorders
• Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Anatomy and Pathophysiology
• Gallbladder and Bile Duct Tumors
• Gastric Cancer
• Gastric Cancer Metastasis
• Gastric Precancerous Lesions
• Gastritis: Acute and Chronic Forms, OLGA System
• General Pathology of the Endocrine System
• General Pathology of the Nervous System
• Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
• Gestosis: Pathogenesis, Pathology and Complications
• Giant Cell Arteritis
• Glomerulopathies
• Gout and Musculoskeletal Pathology
• Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis)
• Granulomatous Inflammation
• Haemoblastosis: Classification and Pathology
• Haemosiderosis and Haemochromatosis
• Heart Transplantation: Pathology, Rejection, and Complications
• Helicobacter pylori Gastritis
• Helicobacter pylori: Pathogenesis and Clinical Outcomes
• Hematins and Malarial Pigment
• Hemochromatosis: Pathology, Clinical Features and Pathogenesis
• Hemoglobinogenic Dystrophies
• Hemolytic Anemias
• Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
• Hemorrhagic Diathesis: Pathophysiology and Classification
• Hemorrhagic Vasculitis
• Hemorrhoids: Pathology, Anatomy and Complications
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis E
• Hepatoblastoma and Vascular Liver Tumors
• Hepatocellular Carcinoma
• HIV Infection: Pathogenesis, Stages and Pathology
• Hodgkin Lymphoma
• Hodgkin Lymphoma
• Hyperplastic Inflammation
• Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
• Hypertrophy
• Iatrogenesis
• Idiopathic Fibrosing Alveolitis
• Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
• IgA Nephropathy
• Immune Inflammation
• Immunological Tolerance: Mechanisms and Significance
• Infarct: Definition, Types and Morphology
• Infectious and Parasitic Liver Diseases
• Infectious Dermatoses and Bullous Skin Disorders
• Inflammation
• Inflammation and Immunity
• Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases of the Female Genital Organs
• Inflammatory Dermatoses
• Inflammatory Diseases of the Male Genitalia
• Inflammatory Diseases of the Prostate and Penis
• Inflammatory Diseases of the Scrotal Organs and Prostate
• Innate Immunity
• International Classification of Diseases
• Interstitial Inflammation
• Interstitial Lung Diseases
• Interstitial Pneumonia
• Intestinal Obstruction (Ileus)
• Intrauterine Infections
• Introduction to Infectious Diseases
• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Ischaemia
• Ischemic and Pseudomembranous Colitis
• Ischemic Heart Disease
• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Kawasaki Disease
• Kidney Diseases
• Kinetics of tumor growth
• Less Common Viral Hepatitis
• Leukemia: Pathology, Classification and Features
• Leukemoid Reactions
• Leukocyte Changes and Differential Count
• Leukocyte Emigration
• Lipid Metabolism Disorders: Obesity and Lipomatosis
• Liver Tumors
• Lobar Pneumonia
• Local Venous Hyperemia
• Localized Amyloidosis
• Lung Cancer
• Lung Cancer Classification
• Lymphatic Circulation Disorders
• Lymphomas: Overview, Pathogenesis and Classification
• Lymphoproliferative Disorders
• Macroscopic Appearance of Necrosis
• Main Properties of Tumors
• Malaria
• Mastocytosis
• Mechanisms of Adaptation and Compensation
• Medulloblastoma: Pathology, Features and Molecular Groups
• Megaloblastic Anemias
• Melanin Metabolism Disorders
• Melanocytic Nevi and Malignant Melanoma
• Melanoma: Pathology, Clinical Forms, and Prognosis
• Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
• Membranous Nephropathy
• Meningococcal Infection
• Mesenchymal Protein Dystrophies
• Mesenchymal Tumors
• Microscopic Features of Necrosis
• Minimal Change Disease
• Molecular Basis of Carcinogenesis
• Morphology of Apoptosis
• Morphology of Chronic Venous Congestion
• Morphology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
• Morphology of Hypertension
• Morphology of Lung Cancer
• Morphology of Myocardial Infarction
• Morphology of Tumor Growth
• Multiple Myeloma
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes
• Myeloma Kidney
• Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
• Myocardial Infarction: Pathogenesis
• Myocarditis
• Natural Killer Cells
• Neonatal Asphyxia
• Neoplastic Atypia
• Nephrosclerosis: Pathology, Types and Morphology
• Neuroblastoma
• Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuroinfections
• Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
• Non-Carious Tooth Lesions
• Non-Immune Granulomas
• Non-Odontogenic Tumors and Jaw Dysplasias
• Nonspecific Reactive Hepatitis
• Nosology
• Nucleoprotein Metabolism Disorders
• Nucleoprotein Metabolism Disorders and Lithogenesis
• Odontogenic Tumors
• Oral Cavity Cancer
• Organic Dust Pneumoconiosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Osteomyelitis and Related Bone Pathologies
• Osteosarcoma
• Outcomes of Necrosis
• Outcomes of Thrombosis
• Pancreatic Tumors: Pathology and Morphology
• Parainfluenza and Related Tropical and Prion Infections
• Parasitic Diseases and Highly Dangerous Infections
• Parasitic Infections and Leprosy
• Parathyroid Gland Pathology
• Parenchymal Carbohydrate Dystrophies
• Parenchymal Lipid Dystrophy
• Parenchymal Protein Dystrophies
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus
• Pathogenesis
• Pathogenesis of Apoptosis
• Pathogenesis of Edema
• Pathogenesis of Necrosis
• Pathological Anatomy of Hepatitis
• Pathology of Peptic Ulcer Disease
• Pathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Pathology of the Endocrine Pancreas
• Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System
• Pathomorphology of the Skin
• Pathomorphology of Viral Hepatitis B
• Pathomorphosis: Definition, Types and Clinical Examples
• Pediatric Genetic and Metabolic Disorders
• Pediatric Genetic Disorders and Chromosomal Abnormalities
• Pediatric Neoplasms and Hemangioma
• Pediatric Tumors: Features and Pathology
• Peptic Ulcer Disease
• Pericarditis
• Perinatal Pathology
• Perinatal Pathology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism
• Perinatal Pathology: Hemolytic Disease and Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn
• Periodontal Diseases
• Pertussis
• Phlegmon: Pathology, Morphology and Characteristics
• Pituitary Gland Pathology
• Placental Pathology
• Plague
• Plasma Inflammatory Mediators
• Pneumoconioses
• Pneumoconioses and Silicosis
• Pneumonia in Children
• Pneumonia: Pathophysiology and Classification
• Poliomyelitis and Diphtheria: Pathology
• Polyarteritis Nodosa: Pathogenesis and Morphology
• Porphyrias
• Portal and Postnecrotic Liver Cirrhosis
• Posthemorrhagic Anemia
• Precancerous States and Heredity
• Pregnancy Pathology and Trophoblastic Diseases
• Primary Biliary Cholangitis
• Primary Cardiomyopathies
• Primary Immunodeficiencies
• Productive Inflammation
• Proliferation Stage in Inflammation
• Proteinogenic Dystrophies: Pigments
• Proto-Oncogenes and Oncoproteins
• Pulmonary Atelectasis
• Pulmonary Edema: Pathogenesis, Morphology and Diagnosis
• Pulmonary Emphysema
• Pulmonary Hypertension
• Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
• Pulmonary Stenosis: Anatomy and Hemodynamics
• Pulmonary Vasculitis
• Pulmonary Vasculitis
• Pulpitis: Pathology, Classification and Clinical Forms
• Purulent and Hemorrhagic Inflammation
• Purulent Wound
• Putrid Inflammation
• Pyelonephritis
• Quarantine Infections and Sepsis: Pathology and Autopsy
• Quarantine Infections and Sepsis: Pathology and Autopsy
• Rabies
• Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
• Regeneration
• Relapsing Fever
• Renal Amyloidosis
• Renal Involvement in Systemic Diseases
• Renal Tumors: Pathology and Classification
• Respiratory Syncytial Infection and Tropical Pathology
• Respiratory System Defense Mechanisms
• Retinoblastoma and Wilms Tumor
• Rhabdomyosarcoma
• Rheumatic Diseases
• Rheumatic Endocarditis
• Rheumatic Fever
• Rheumatic Granuloma
• Rheumatic Myocarditis and Pericarditis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Rickettsioses
• Salivary Gland Tumors
• Salmonellosis and Chronic Granulomatous Infections
• Scarlet Fever and Childhood Infections
• Scleroma Granuloma: Morphology and Pathogenesis
• Sclerosing Cholangitis
• Secondary Arterial Hypertension
• Secondary Cardiomyopathies
• Secondary Liver Tumors
• Sepsis
• Septicopyemia and Syphilis
• Shock
• Sialadenitis and Salivary Gland Tumors
• Siderosis: Pathophysiology and Morphology
• Silicosis
• Skeletal Muscle Pathology
• Small Intestine Diseases
• Smallpox and Selected Zoonotic Infections
• Sodium, Potassium and Copper Metabolism Disorders
• Soft Tissue Tumors
• Soft Tissue Tumors
• Specific Inflammation and Granulomas
• Specific Types of Cell Death
• Spleen Pathology: Splenomegaly, Hypersplenism and Hyposplenism
• Spontaneous Abortion and Gestosis
• Stages of Acute Inflammation
• Stages of Compensatory and Adaptive Processes
• Stomatitis: Oral Mucosa, Salivary Glands and Jaw Pathology
• Stromal-Vascular Protein Dystrophies
• Sudden Coronary Death: Pathogenesis and Morphology
• Symptomatic Gastric Ulcers
• Syphilitic Granuloma (Gumma)
• Systemic Amyloidosis
• Systemic Effects of Inflammation
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Systemic Sclerosis
• Systemic Venous Congestion
• Takayasu Arteritis: Pathology and Clinical Features
• Talcosis
• Teratoma: Pathogenesis, Morphology and Classification
• Testicular Tumors: Pathology and Classification
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Thromboangiitis Obliterans
• Thrombocytopathia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Thrombophlebitis
• Thrombosis
• Thyroid Gland Pathology
• Tonsillitis
• Transplant Rejection
• Trophic Ulcers and Pressure Ulcers
• Tuberculosis
• Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
• Tumor Atypia
• Tumor Growth Rates and Apoptosis
• Tumor Invasion and Metastasis
• Tumor Markers: Classification, Methods and Diagnostics
• Tumor Metastasis: Pathophysiology and Mechanisms
• Tumor Morphogenesis and Progression
• Tumor Progression and Morphogenesis
• Tumor Structure and Growth Types
• Tumor Suppressor Genes
• Tumor-Host Interaction
• Tumors of Female Reproductive Organs
• Tumors of Melanin-Producing Tissue
• Type I Hypersensitivity
• Type II Hypersensitivity
• Type III Hypersensitivity
• Types and Morphology of Thrombi
• Types of Edema
• Typhoid Fever
• Ulcerative Colitis: Pathology, Clinical Features and Complications
• Urolithiasis
• Varicose Veins: Pathophysiology and Complications
• Vascular Responses in Inflammation
• Vascular Tumors
• Vasculitis: Classification, Pathology and Mechanisms
• Viral Carcinogenesis
• Viral Hepatitis B
• Visceral Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Visceral Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis
• Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
• Yersiniosis